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KARACHI: Sporadic rains in different areas of the province of Sindh continued unabated, while fifty villages in the district of Khairpur were washed away in the onrush of flooding rain water last night.


Torrential rains continued lashing Khairpur overnight inundating the low lying vast areas in the district, while in the hilly areas the gushing rain water down the hill entered into the Chawandko town and the adjoining villages that wreaked havoc

Khairpur DCO, Muhammad Abbas Baloch said that the gushing rain water has inundated fifty villages.

Dadu district was also hit by intermittent heavy rains over the night that further aggravated the situation as the district has been in the spell of heavy monsoon rain for the last four days destroying standing crops on hundreds of acres of land.

Gaj River in the hilly areas of Kirthar went flooded, under construction Drighbala Johi Bridge has been washed away by the flooding water, disconnecting land communication of hundreds of villages of Kachoo from Tehsil Johi.

In Hyderabad Wednesday evening several feet of water accumulated in low lying areas of the city. The sewage system and electricity supply to the city was severely affected and the administration was nowhere to be seen. Several feet of water was seen standing due to choked sewerage system at Haider Chowk, Latifabad No.6, Liaquat Colony, Station Road, and Railway Colony besides roads and streets in most parts of the city.

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Prep Time
15 Mins

Cook Time
45 to 50 Mins

Serves
6-7

Traditional sheer khorma. With all the exotic ingredients, releasing their aroma and flavor. Exactly how Maharajah's used to enjoy it.


Ingredients

Milk 2.5 liter
Custard powder 1 tbsp
Vermicelli (split in halves) 1 cup
Dried dates (seeded and cut in fours) 125 gms
Milk (extra) 1/2 liter
Almonds (skinned and cut in thick strips) 50 gms
Currants 50 gms
Dessicated coconut 2-4 tbsp
Green cardamoms (roughly grounded) 11
Sugar 1.5 cups or to taste
Pistachios 2 tbsp
Kewra/Zafran essence a drop
Cream (optional) 1/2 cup
Ghee 1/2 cup


Cooking Directions

Cook dried dates in 1/2 liter milk until all the milk is absorbed and dates are soft.

Add 1/2 cup cream to it, if you like 'sheer khorma' to be creamier.

Now separately, dissolve custard powder and coconut in 2.5 liter milk.

Bring it to boil. Then lower the heat and keep stirring on and off.

Heat a little ghee in a separate pan and lightly fry ground cardamoms in it.

Then add halved vermicelli to it and fry till golden brown.

Add fried vermicelli to milk.

Turn up the heat.

Reduce heat when milk comes to a boil.

Heat more ghee in a pan and fry almonds till very light golden.

Add to milk.

Also add pistachio to milk.

Let the milk on medium heat for a minute and then turn down the heat.

Fry currants in the left-over ghee till they are rounded and golden.

Add fried currants to milk.

Lastly stir in sugar and essence till sugar is dissolved.

Sheer Khorma can be served hot or cold.

Add a few fried dry dates to it before serving.

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Prep Time
15 Mins

Cook Time

25 - 30 Mins

Serves
6
- is famous sweet dish that usually prepared with vermicelli, milk, sugar, nuts. But in this recipe cream is an extra ingredient that adds more sweet and richness in taste and texture.

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Prep Time

15 Mins + 6 hours

Cook Time

40 Mins

Serves

 

6

Heat the oil or ghee in a heavy based sauce pan and fry the onions for 8-10 minutes until light brown.

Ingredients

whole chickens, skinned 2
Rice, basmati 1 1\2 kg
Yogurt 500 g
Red chili powder 1 tsp
As per taste salt
Turmeric 1/2 tsp
Coriander powder 2 tsp
Garam masala 1 tsp
Lemons' (large) juice 1
Medium onion thinly sliced 4
Garlic (crushed) 3 tsp
Ginger (crushed) 2 tsp
Green chillies 10
Coriander, fresh, chopped 1 cup
Mint leaves 1\2 cup
Oil 1\2 cup
Green chillies, chopped 6
Coriander leaves chopped 2 tsp
Some saffron, soaked in two tbsp water
Drops kewra
Few drops of yellow food color


Cooking Directions

Heat the oil or ghee in a heavy based sauce pan and fry the onions for 8-10 minutes until light brown.
Remove the onions from the oil and reserve 1\4 onions for later use
Put the fried onions, garlic, ginger, coriander leaves, mint, green chilies, salt and pepper in a blender or food processor and blend to a paste.
Mix this paste with yogurt, garam masala, lemon juice and 2 tbsp oil.
Cut each chicken into eight pieces and then marinate with the yogurt mixture for about 6 hours or overnight in a refrigerator
Put the rice in a sieve and wash it thoroughly under a running cold tap until the water runs clear.
Soak the rice in plenty of water for half an hour.
In a large heavy based pan put plenty of water and add 1 stick cinnamon, 6 cloves, 5 big cardamoms, 8 small cardamoms, 2 bay leaves and salt.
Bring it to a rapid boil and add the washed rice.
When the rice are 1\4 cooked, drain and keep aside
In a large pan place 1\2 cup of oil at the bottom of a large heavy based pan then place the chicken and all the marinade.
Cover the meat with the rice and level it with a spatula.
Sprinkle reserved fried onions, chopped coriander, green chilies and saffron on the top of the rice.
Mix the food color with a little water and sprinkle over the rice
Cover with a tight fitting lid or cover with a large piece of thick aluminum foil and then place the lid.
Cook for 15 minutes on medium heat then reduce the heat to a very low and cook for further 20 to 25 minutes, until the rice and meat are tender
Once the dish is cooked, leave it covered for a few minutes.
Then remove the lid, fluff up the rice with a fork
Serve with Raita and Baingan Ka Raita

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Economic history
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Economy: concept and history
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This article is about the academic field. For historical events, see Economic history of the world.
For changes in economic ideas, see History of economic thought.
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Economy: concept and history
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Economic history is the study of economies or economic phenomena in the past. Analysis in economic history is undertaken using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and by applying economic theory to historical situations and institutions. The topic includes business history, financial history and overlaps with areas of social history such as demographic history and labor history. Quantitative (econometric) economic history is also referred to as cliometrics.[1]

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Treating economic history as a discrete academic discipline has been a contentious issue for many years. Academics at the London School of Economics and the University of Cambridge had numerous disputes over the separation of economics and economic theory in the interwar era. Cambridge economists believed that pure economics involved a component of economic history and that the two were inseparably entangled. Those at the LSE believed that economic history warranted its own courses, research agenda and academic chair separated from mainstream economics.

In the initial period of the subject's development, the LSE position of separating economic history from economics won out. Many universities in the UK developed independent programmes in economic history rooted in the LSE model. Indeed, the Economic History Society had its inauguration at LSE in 1926 and the University of Cambridge eventually established its own economic history programme. However, the past twenty years have witnessed the widespread closure of these separate programmes in the UK and the integration of the discipline into either history or economics departments. Only the LSE and the University of Glasgow retain separate economic history departments and stand-alone undergraduate and graduate programmes in economic history. The University of Warwick now has the greatest number of economic historians working in an economics department anywhere in the UK, but has virtually no PhD students specialising in the subject. The LSE, Glasgow and the University of Oxford together train the vast majority of economic historians coming through the British higher education system.

In the US, economic history has for a long time been regarded as a form of applied economics. As a consequence, there are no specialist economic history graduate programmes at any mainstream university anywhere in the country. Instead economic history is taught as a special field component of regular economics PhD programmes in some places, including at University of California, Berkeley, Harvard University, and Yale University.

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Credit is the trust which allows one party to provide resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date. The resources provided may be financial (e.g. granting a loan), or they may consist of goods or services (e.g. consumer credit). Credit encompasses any form of deferred payment.[1] Credit is extended by a creditor, also known as a lender, to a debtor, also known as a borrower.

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Credit does not necessarily require money. The credit concept can be applied in barter economies as well, based on the direct exchange of goods and services (Ingham 2004 p.12-19). However, in modern societies credit is usually denominated by a unit of account. Unlike money, credit itself cannot act as a unit of account.



Movements of financial capital are normally dependent on either credit or equity transfers. Credit is in turn dependent on the reputation or creditworthiness of the entity which takes responsibility for the funds. Credit is also traded in financial markets. The purest form is the credit default swap market, which is essentially a traded market in credit insurance. A credit default swap represents the price at which two parties exchange this risk – the protection "seller" takes the risk of default of the credit in return for a payment, commonly denoted in basis points (one basis point is 1/100 of a percent) of the notional amount to be referenced, while the protection "buyer" pays this premium and in the case of default of the underlying (a loan, bond or other receivable), delivers this receivable to the protection seller and receives from the seller the par amount (that is, is made whole).

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Free Market

What Does Free Market Mean?
A market economy based on supply and demand with little or no government control. A completely free market is an idealized form of a market economy where buyers and sells are allowed to transact freely (i.e. buy/sell/trade) based on a mutual agreement on price without state intervention in the form of taxes, subsidies or regulation.

In financial markets, free market stocks are securities that are widely traded and whose prices are not affected by availability.

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In foreign-exchange markets, it is a market where exchange rates are not pegged (by government) and thus rise and fall freely though supply and demand for currency.

Investopedia explains Free Market
In simple terms, a free market is a summary term for an array of exchanges that take place in society. Each exchange is a voluntary agreement between two parties who trade in the form of goods and services. In reality, this is the extent to which a free market exists since there will always be government intervention in the form of taxes, price controls and restrictions that prevent new competitors from entering a market. Just like supply-side economics, free market is a term used to describe a political or ideological viewpoint on policy and is not a field within economics. 

Read more: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/freemarket.asp#ixzz1W8ngya51

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